Alcohol

This bibliography is concerned primarily with the issues and problems involved in prohibition and alcohol control as they were debated and implemented in the 1920's and 1930's in the United States. Some historical and more recent works are included, but the focus here is on the period surrounding the repeal of prohibition. During that time alcohol policy achieved an extraordinary level of political importance and prominence. Alcohol policy was debated in magazines, newspapers, scholarly books, academic publications, and in Congress and state legislatures. An enormous amount of time and money went into studies and arguments about ways of organizing the production and distribution of alcoholic beverages. The Hearst newspaper chain, for example, sponsored an essay contest with a prize of twenty-five thousand dollars for the best discussion of what to do about the liquor problem.

Alcohol control was the name that anti-prohibitionists attached to a variety of plans for state regulation of a legalized alcohol industry. Occasionally the phrase was used to refer to any state alcohol policy, including prohibition. Usually, however, it designated alternatives to prohibition: the idea was to control the liquor traffic. Since the turn of the century there had been attempts to formulate a modern or sociological conception of alcohol control, most notably in the work of the Committee of Fifty. But it was not until the 1920's, until prohibition was in effect, that large amounts of money and manpower were devoted to the task.

Prohibitionist sources are listed here, but the bibliography leans more heavily to arguments for alcohol control, and to social scientific, academic, and federal government publications. In terms of understanding contemporary alcohol policy, the arguments for various control measures are the most important. During that time the major administrative and bureaucratic forms and systems were created. Also, the major terms and categories in which discussion about alcohol policy has been carried on since then were fully developed at that time. Virtually every aspect of the issue was reviewed by some writer, and often by many. Sometimes the debate got quite close and detailed. For example, Clarence Darrow and Victor Yarrow wrote an entire book as a point- by-point refutation of another book by a leading prohibitionist, Professor Irving Fisher of Yale University. This period was also marked by the increasingly important role played by academics and professionals in evaluating social policy: areas which had formerly been viewed as moral concerns were increasingly being defined as administrative problems. Alcohol policy may have been the issue par excellence in which this process occurred. One indication of this is in the importance placed on evaluating various control measures in terms of worker efficiency, industrial productivity, and general economic prosperity.

In order to identify the kinds of participants in the debate about alcohol policy, some biographical information has been included with many of the references. Further, a number of important works were grouped by topics with a listing of their contents. This was done to further describe the specific works and to illustrate the kinds of issues debated at the time -- to provide a bit of the "texture" of the style of discussion.

Selected Annotations

Bibliographies

These four books are invaluable bibliographic sources for materials around the time they were published, and for some historical works as well. The volumes by Beman and by Johnson were part of a debater's handbook series and contain outlines of the major arguments for and against the topic in question, and excerpts from important articles and books. The Baden volume is especially good on newspaper and magazine articles and has an index.

Beman, Lamar T., compiler. Selected Articles on Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic. White Plains, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1917.
Contents: Brief; Bibliography; Introduction; General discussion; Affirmative discussion; Negative discussion.

Beman, Lamar T., compiler. Selected Articles on Prohibition: Modification of the Volstead Law. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1924.
Contents: Briefs; Bibliography; General Discussion: Physiological results of alcohol; Economic results of alcohol; Political results of alcohol; Social results of alcohol; The prohibition movement; The law of prohibition; Enforcement of national prohibition; Affirmative Discussion; Negative Discussion.

Johnsen, Julia E., compiler. Selected Articles on the Problem of Liquor Control. New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1934.
Contents: Brief; Affirmative; Negative; Bibliography; Part One: History and Problem Discussion; Part Two: Liquor Control Elsewhere: Brief; Affirmative; Negative; Discussion; Part Three: Liquor Control in the United States: Brief; Affirmative; Negative; Discussion.

Baden, Anne L., compiler. Selected List of Writings on the Control of the Liquor Traffic in the United States and Foreign Countries. U. S. Government, Library of Congress, Division of Bibliography. 55 pp. 1933.
Contents: Bibliographies; General; United States, books and articles in periodicals; United States, newspaper articles; Belgium, Canada; Denmark; Finland, France; Germany; Great Britain; Italy; The Netherlands; New South Wales; Norway; Russia; Scandinavia; South Africa; Sweden; Switzerland; West Africa.

Committee of Fifty

Perhaps the most comprehensive attempt to examine the totality of the liquor problem, the Committee of Fifty reports truly mark the beginning of a distinctively "scientific" and administrative approach to the liquor problem in the United States. Sponsors and participants included prominent businessmen and academics.

The Liquor Problem In Its Legislative Aspects by Frederic H. Wines and John Koren. An investigation made under the direction of Charles W. Eliot, Seth Low, and James C. Carter, Sub-Committee of The Committee of Fifty To Investigate The Liquor Problem. Boston; Houghton Mifflin Company. 425 pp. 1897. Contents: Prohibition in Maine and its results; The history of prohibition in Iowa; The South Carolina dispensary system: The Restrictive System in Massachusetts, 1875-1894; The liquor laws of Pennsylvania; The Ohio liquor tax; Liquor laws in Indiana since 1851; The Missouri local option law; The operation of the New York liquor tax law.

Economic Aspects Of The Liquor Problem by John Koren. An investigation made under the direction of Professors W. O. Atwater, Henry W. Farnam, J. F. Jones, Doctors Z. R. Brockway, John Graham Brooks, E. R. L. Gould, and Hon. Carroll D. Wright, a Sub-Committee of The Committee Of Fifty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1899. Contents: The liquor problem in its relation to poverty and pauperism; The liquor problem in its relation to the destitution and neglect of children; The liquor problem in its relation to crime; The relations to the liquor problem of the Negroes and the North American Indians; Social aspects of the saloon in large cities.

Substitutes For The Saloon by Raymond Calkins. An investigation made for The Committee Of Fifty under the direction of Elgin R. S. Gould, Francis G. Peabody, and William M. Sloane, Sub-Committee. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 376 pp. 2nd edition 1919, a revision of 1901 edition. Contents: Introduction by Francis G. Peabody; Preface to the new edition; The saloon as a social centre; Legislation and substitution; The clubs of the people; Clubs for the people; Popular education; The church, the mission, the settlement, and the Young Men's Christian Association; Indoor amusements; Outdoor amusements; Lunch-rooms and coffee-houses; English temperance houses; The housing of the working people; Appendices.

The Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Problem edited by John S. Billings, M. D. An investigation made for The Committee of Fifty under the direction of John S. Billings, W. O. Atwater, H. P. Bowditch, R. H. Chittenden, and W. H. Welch, Sub-Committee. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 773 pp. 1903. Contents: An investigation on the influence of alcohol and alcoholic drinks upon the processes of digestion, by Professor R. H. Chittenden; A further study of the influence of alcohol and alcoholic drinks upon digestion with special reference to secretion, by Professor R. H. Chittenden, Dr. L. M. Mendel, and Dr. H. C. Jackson; An investigation on the effects of long-continued doses of alcohol or alcoholic liquors in producing organic changes in certain tissues and organs of the body, by Professor William H. Welch and Dr. J. Friedenwald; An investigation as to the effects of alcohol and alcoholic drinks on the growth, development and reproductive powers of animals, by Professor C. F. Hodge of Clark University; An investigation on the influence of alcoholism on infection and immunity, by Professor A. C. Abbott of the University of Pennsylvania; An investigation of the extent to which alcohol is consumed in the living human body, and its action as a force producer and a food, by Professors W. O. Atwater and F. C. Benedict of Wesleyan University: An investigation on the relations between the use of alcoholic drinks and insanity, by the American Medico- Psychological Association; A statistical investigation as the relative prevalence of the use of alcoholic drinks among brain-workers in the United States, by Dr. J. S. Billings; An investigation of the opinions and teaching of leading physiologists and pathologists of the present day, with regard to the effects of alcoholic drinks, and a comparison of these with the teaching of text- books in use in the common schools of this country, by Professors H. P. Bowditch of Harvard, and C. F. Hodge of Clark University.

The Liquor Problem: A Summary of Investigations Conducted by the Committee of Fifty, 1893-1903 by John S. Billings, Charles W. Eliot, Henry W. Farnam, Jacob L. Greene, and Francis G. Peabody. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 182 pp. 1905. Contents: Introduction by Francis G. Peabody; A summary of investigations concerning the physiological aspects of the liquor problem, by John S. Billings; A summary of investigations concerning the legislative aspects, by Charles W. Eliot; A summary of investigations concerning the economic aspects, by Henry W. Farnam; A summary of investigations concerning the ethical aspects, by Jacob L. Greene; A summary of investigations concerning substitutes for the saloon, by Raymond Calkins.

International Control Experiences

These are detailed studies of the functioning of alcohol control in Great Britain. Both are strong arguments for tight control policies but against prohibition. Shadwell's study draws upon Carter's and grew out of an international temperance meeting in Paris in 1919.

Carter, Henry. The Control of the Drink Trade in Britain: A Contribution to National Efficiency During the Great War 1915-1918. London: Longmans, Green and Company. 1919.
Contents: Preface by Lord D'Abernon; Introduction; Part One - Conditions Before Control: In the early days of war; The need for further regulation of the drink trade; The problem confronting the control board; Part Two - The Administration of State Control: A chapter on machinery; The restrictive work of the board; The constructive work of the board; The industrial canteen movement; State purchase at Gretna and Carlisle; Part Three - The Effects of State Control: The increased sobriety and its causes; The effect of the board's work a) on efficiency, b) on social welfare; Conclusion: the drink problem and the future; Appendices.

Shadwell, Arthur. Drink In 1914-1922: A Lesson In Control. London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1923.
Contents: The beginnings of control; The problem in civil life; The control board; The provision of meals - Public houses and canteens; State ownership and control; Output, taxation, and dilution of alcoholic liquors; The decline of intemperance; The working of control; After-war experience; Conclusions; Appendices.

Hose's book is a discussion of Canadian control policies in the twenties. It is written with an eye to the United States and strongly argues that control has many more virtues than prohibition. Dorr's work also makes the case that control would be better than prohibition by reviewing systems of control in a number of nations. Both books were distributed by the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment and were important at the time.

Hose, Reginald E. Prohibition or Control?: Canada's Experience With the Liquor Problem 1921-1927. New York: Longmans, Green and Co. 1928.
Contents: The commission; Local option; The retail business; Licensing; The breweries; Law enforcement; Taxation; Surplus revenue; Newfoundland; Conclusion; Appendices.

Dorr, Rheta Childe. Drink: Coercion Or Control? New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. 1929.
Contents: Facing the facts; How dry were the dry states?; "Put over;" Breaking the great taboo; England goes sober; The Carlisle experiment; What disinterested management means; The Oxford temperance plan; How Sweden has done it; The Bratt system in 1929; Temperance education in Sweden; State control in Norway; The other prohibition country; "Because it is good for the country," The continent's verdict on prohibition; The league of nations' verdict; Canada's verdict; What is the Quebec system?; After ten years of it; The way out; Appendix.

Both these studies were written by American academics with the idea that knowledge about the Finnish and Swedish experiences might contribute something to United States attempts to develop a workable alcohol policy.

Thompson, Walter. The Control of Liquor in Sweden. New York: Columbia University Press. 1935.
Contents: The era of laissez faire; From the Gothenburg to the Bratt system; The system companies; The wholesale trade; The plan of individual control; Individual control-scope and application; The service trade; Beer; The supervisors of temperance; Results; A postscript.

Wuorinen, John H. The Prohibition Experiment in Finland. New York: Columbia University Press. 1931.
Contents: By way of introduction; Prohibition in the making; The prohibition law and enforcement; The official prohibition inquiry of 1923; Consumption of alcohol, 1919-1928; Drunkenness, 1919-1928; Violations of the prohibition law, 1919-1928; Crime, alcoholism and cost of prohibition; The press, parties and prohibition; The outlook.

Social Science Evaluates Prohibition

Focusing on what he called the "economic and industrial aspects," Feldman wrote a cautiously favorable analysis of the effects of prohibition. Warburton's study is still the definitive one and concludes that prohibition reduced alcohol consumption but did not significantly reduce other social problems. The issue of the Annals is a potpourri of analyses and views on prohibition.

Feldman, Herman. Prohibition: Its Economic and Industrial Aspects. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 1927.
Contents: Introduction; Part One: Effects Upon Consumption and Purchasing Power: Was liquor consumption declining before prohibition?; The newer role of alcohol; Near-beer and real beer; Beverages substituted for beer; Ice cream parlors, candy stores, tobacco shops and cafeterias in the Volstead era; Has prohibition increased drug addiction?; Is the average worker spending less on drink? The "poor man's club": what has taken its place?; Part Two: Effect Upon Production: Industry's pre-prohibition Volsteadism: its rules regarding liquor; Has prohibition reduced discharges for drunkenness?; Has prohibition eliminated "blue mondays" from industry?; Prohibition and industrial accidents; Prohibition and the efficiency of the worker; Does the salesman have to carry a bottle?; Is "modification" the answer to farm relief?; Hotels, city conventions, and real estate values since prohibition; Breweries, brewery workers, bottle makers, bartenders, and distilleries since prohibition; Has prohibition increased automobile accidents?; Prohibition and the high cost of crime; Prohibition: its long-time economic effects; Appendix.

Warburton, Clark. The Economic Results of Prohibition. New York: Columbia University Press. 1932.

Contents: Part One: The Consumption of Alcohol: Pre-prohibition consumption of alcoholic beverages; Consumption of alcoholic beverages under prohibition: estimate from sources of production; Consumption of alcoholic beverages under prohibition: estimate from death rates; Consumption of alcoholic beverages under prohibition: estimate from arrests for drunkenness; Consumption of alcoholic beverages under prohibition: comparison of estimates; Part Two: The Effect of Prohibition Upon Expenditures: Pre-prohibition expenditures for alcoholic beverages; Expenditures for alcoholic beverages under prohibition; Prohibition and the shifting pattern of consumption; Part Three: Other Economic Phases of Prohibition: Prohibition and industrial efficiency; Prohibition and public health and safety; Prohibition and economic groups; Prohibition and public finance; Part Four: Summary and Conclusions: Economic results of prohibition.

The Annals of The American Academy of Political and Social Science. Prohibition: A National Experiment. J. H. S. Bossard and T. Sellin editors. Vol. 163 (September) 1932, pp. 1-233.
Contents: Grant, The liquor traffic before the eighteenth amendment; Sawyer, The enforcement of national prohibition; Brown, State cooperation in enforcement; Sanford, The illegal liquor traffic; Lusk, The drinking habit; Emerson, Prohibition and mortality and morbidity; Brown, Prohibition and mental hygiene; Warburton, Prohibition and economic welfare; Pickett, Prohibition and economic change; Gebhart, Prohibition and real estate values; Kirkpatrick and Tough, Prohibition and agriculture; Landesco, Prohibition and crime; Barnett, College seniors and the liquor problem; Panunzio, The foreign born and prohibition; Warner, Prohibition -- a step in a process; Wilson, License and liquor or law and loyalty?; Gebhart, Movement against prohibition; Catlin, Alternatives to prohibition; Moffit, Control of the liquor traffic in Canada; Carter, The drink problem in Great Britain; Kinberg, Temperance legislation in Sweden; Wuorinen, Finland's prohibition experiment; Barnes, Liquor regulation in Russia.

Prohibitionist Explanations for Repeal

Dobyns and Gordon provide detailed polemics about the financial and political connection of the anti-prohibitionists.

Dobyns, Fletcher. The Amazing Story of Repeal: An Expose of the Power of Propaganda. Chicago: Willett, Clark and Company. 1940.
Contents: Part One: How Repeal Was Put Over: The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment; Shock troops of the AAPA; The final grand assault; The allied Tammany halls; The results of repeal; Part Two: Repeal Propaganda: The technique of propaganda; How and why America went dry; The eighteenth amendment; The Volstead act; The administration of the prohibition law; Prohibition and crime; The depression; Part Three: The Liquor Problem of Today: The new era.

Gordon, Ernest. The Wrecking of the Eighteenth Amendment. Francestown, New Hampshire: The Alcohol Information Press. 1943.
Contents: Introduction; The law's betrayal; The Wickersham commission; Wall St. and repeal; The press and prohibition; An ecclesiastical interlude; President Hoover and enforcement; The triumph of Gambrinus; The debacle; Roosevelt and repeal; Appendix.

Major Reports and Reviews

In the 1928 presidential campaign, Herbert Hoover promised to appoint a commission to investigate how prohibition was functioning. He eventually broadened it to include a study of the entire federal criminal and judicial system. The first two volumes of the final report were about prohibition. Headed by George Wickersham, the commission issued a joint statement of "Conclusions and Recommendations" and each of the eleven commissioners also issued separate statements disagreeing with the joint statement in various ways. In total, the Wickersham Commission produced a divided and contradictory document which called for continued support for prohibition at the same time as it concluded that prohibition was working very badly and was probably unworkable.

National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. George W. Wickersham, Chairman. Vol. 1. Proposals to Improve Enforcement of Criminals of the United States. January 13, 1930. Vol. 2. Report on the Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws of the United States. January 7, 1931.
Contents: Vol. 1: Message from the President of the United States; Preliminary report on observance and enforcement of prohibition; Supplemental report to the President. Vol. 2: Introduction; The present condition as to observance and enforcement; The bad features of the present situation and difficulties in the way of enforcement; The degree of enforcement demanded; Plans which have been proposed toward more effective enforcement; Necessity of federal control; Benefits of Prohibition to be conserved; Summary of foreign systems; proposed alternatives to the present system; Conclusions and recommendations; Separate statements of the commissioners.

These two reports, funded by J. D. Rockefeller Jr., were major attempts to outline particular policy alternatives and recommendations. Fosdick was a long time counselor to the Rockefeller family and a key figure in the Rockefeller Foundation. Harrison and Laine were staffers under Fosdick and Scott and their report featured a foreword by the director of Columbia University's Institute of Public Administration. Both reports were enormously important in shaping post- repeal policy.

Fosdick, Raymond B. Toward Liquor Control. New York: Harper and Brother Publishers. 1933.
Contents: The background of the problem; The legacy of prohibition; Light wines and beers vs. spirits; Regulation by license; The authority plan; The Authority plan with adaptations; Taxation; Education; Toward control; Appendices.

Harrison, Leonard V. and Elizabeth Laine. After Repeal: A Study of Liquor Control Administration. New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers. 1936.
Contents: Liquor control today; The federal role; State licensing systems; Details of administration in the license systems; State monopoly systems; Liquor monopolies appraised; Taxation and revenue; Law enforcement; Appendices.

Both of these volumes, published in 1940, provide good reviews and overviews of the major elements of alcohol control systems and their functioning. The contributors to the issue of Law and Contemporary Problems were social scientists or lawyers, and a number had been involved in some aspect of liquor control administration on either state or federal level. The Culver and Thomas report was originally prepared for the California legislature and contains a comparison of control systems in different states.

Law and Contemporary Problems. Alcoholic Beverage Control. 7:4, pp. 543-751. Autumn 1940.
Contents: Foreword by Paul H. Sanders; Byse, Alcoholic Beverage Control Before Repeal; O'Neill, Federal Activity in Alcoholic Beverage Control; Shipman, State Administrative Machinery for Liquor Control; Cooprider, Legal Questions in the Operation of the Licensing Systems; Russell, Controls Over Labeling and Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages; de Ganahl, Trade Practice and Price Control in the Alcoholic Beverage Industry; Badenhausen, Self- Regulation in the Brewing Industry; Thomas and Culver, Protection of Dry Areas; Carr, Liquor and the Constitution; Green, Interstate Barriers in the Alcoholic Beverage Field; Conlon, Taxation in the Alcoholic Beverage Field.

Culver, Dorothy Campbell and Jack E. Thomas. State Liquor Control Administration: A Statutory Analysis. Berkeley, California: University of California, Bureau of Public Administration. 80 pp. 1940.
Contents: Foreword; Part One: General Background: Questions of policy; Types of control; Revenue; Consumption; Bootlegging; Part Two: The History of Post-Repeal Liquor Control in California; Part Three: Administrative Provisions of State Liquor Laws: Administering agency; Executive officer; Personnel; Powers of administrative agencies; Part Three: Administrative Provisions of State Liquor Laws: State and local relationships; Limitations on administrative expense; Local liquor commissions; Part Four: Extra-Legal Agencies; Appendices.

This is not a very thorough or systematic report, but it does provide an overview of the workings of alcohol policy after the second world war. The Pennsylvania Alcohol Beverage Study, Inc., grew out of the Pennsylvania chapter of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.

Childs, Randolph W. Making Repeal Work. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Alcoholic Beverage Study, Inc., 1947.
Contents: Background of alcoholic beverage control; Accomplishments in alcoholic beverage control since repeal; Role of the federal government in alcoholic beverage control; Monopoly systems; Monopoly systems; Monopoly systems at work - Ohio and Pennsylvania; Open license systems; Open license systems in operation - New York and New Jersey; Retail licensing policies; Transfer of retail licenses; Unlawful acts of retail licensees; Law enforcement; Judicial review; Taxation and revenue; Illicit manufacture and sale; Local option; The prohibition movement after repeal; The wartime record; The long view on alcoholic beverage control; Appendices.

Background Material

The following are recommended as histories or reviews of the issues and events of the prohibition era and of the debate about alcohol policy.

Merz, Charles. The Dry Decade. Seattle, Washington: The University of Washington Press. 1970.

Sinclair, Andrew. Era of Excess: A Social History of the Prohibition Movement. New York: Harper and Row. 1964.

Timberlake, James H. Prohibition and the Progressive Movement: 1900-1920. New York: Atheneum. 1970.

Gusfield, Joseph R. "The Impact of Political Utopianism." In: Change and Continuity in Twentieth Century America: The 1920s. John Braeman, editor. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. 1968.

Acton, Amy F. 1911. Local Option in Massachusetts. New York: Charities Publication Committee. Amy F. Acton, LL.B.: Inspector of Incorporated Charities for the State Board of Charity of Massachusetts.

Ade, George. 1931. The Old-Time Saloon: Not Wet - Not Dry, Just History. New York: Ray Long and Richard R. Smith, Inc.

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, The Prohibition: A National Experiment. James H. S. Bossard and Thorsten Sellin, editors. Vol. 163, September 1932. James H. S. Bossard, Ph.D.: Professor of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania. Thorsten Sellin, Ph.D.: Bureau of Social Hygiene, Inc., New York. Professor of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania.

Asbury, Herbert. 1950. The Great Illusion: An Informal History of Prohibition. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.

Asquith, Lord. 1928. British Taverns: Their History and Laws. London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd.

Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (Pamphlets) John C. Gebhart, Director, Research Department. Washington, D. C.: Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.

1929, January Report to the Directors, Members and Friends of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.

1929, April Prohibition Pro and Con: Joint Debate between Representatives of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment and the Anti-Saloon League of America.

1929, May Cost of Prohibition and Your Income Tax.

1929, July Canada Liquor Crossing the Border.

1929, August Measuring the Liquor Tide.

1929, October Government Liquor Control in Canada.

1929, November Reforming America With A Shotgun: A Study of Prohibition Killings.

1929, December The Last Outposts of Prohibition in Canada: Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.

1930, January The Bratt System of Liquor Control in Sweden.

1930, June Finland's Prohibition: An Echo of Volsteadism.

1930, September England's Solution of The Liquor Problem.

1930, December Prohibition Enforcement: Its Effect on Courts and Prisons.

1931, April Norway's Noble Experiment.

n.d. The Quebec System: A Study in Liquor Control.

Bacon, Selden 1965 American Experiences in Legislation and Control Dealing with the Use of Beverage Alcohol. National Conference on Legal Issues in Alcoholism and Alcohol Usage. Boston: Boston University Law-Medicine Institute. pp. 123-140.

Baden, Anne L., Compiler 1933 Selected List of Writings on the Control of the Liquor Traffic in the United States and Foreign Countries. US Government, Library of Congress, Division of Bibliography. Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress. 55 pp..

Badenhausen, Carl W. 1940 Self-Regulation in the Brewing Industry. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 689-695. Carl W. Badenhausen, B. S.: Chairman, United Brewers Industrial Foundation.

Bagnell, Robert 1911 Economic and Moral Aspects of the Liquor Business and the Rights and Responsibilities of the State in the Control Thereof. Doctoral dissertation in the faculty of philosophy, Columbia University. New York: Robert Bagnell. 96 pp.

Barker, John Marshall 1905 The Saloon Problem and Social Reform. Boston: The Everett Press. 196 pp. John Marshall Barker, Ph.D.: Professor of Sociology, Boston University.

Barnes, Joseph 1932 Liquor Regulation in Russia. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 227233. Joseph Barnes: Researcher for the Institute of Pacific Relations.

Barnett, J. H. 1932 College Seniors and the Liquor Problem. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 130-146. James Harwood Barnett: Research Director for the Board of Christian Education of the Presbyterian Church in the USA Author of "High School Attitudes Towards Prohibition."

Beman, Lamar T. 1917 Selected Articles on Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic (Debaters' Handbook Series). 2nd ed. White Plains, N. Y.: H. W. Wilson Company. 237 pp.

--1924 Selected Articles on Prohibition: Modification of the Volstead Law (The Handbook Series). New York: H. W. Wilson Company. 380 pp. Lamar T. Beman, LLB.: Director of Public Welfare, Cleveland, Ohio.

Billings, John S., Editor. 1903 The Physiological Aspects of the Liquor Problem: An Investigation Made for The Committee Of Fifty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2 Vols. 773 pp. John S. Billings, M. D.

Billings, John S., Charles W. Eliot, Henry W. Farnam, Jacob L. Greene, and Francis G. Peobody. 1905 The Liquor Problem: A Summary of Investigations Conducted by The Committee of Fifty, 1893-1903. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company.

Blakey, Leonard Stott 1912 The Sale of Liquor in the South: The History of the Development of a Normal Social Restraint in Southern Commonwealths. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. Leonard Stott Blakey, Ph.D.: Sometime Schiff Fellow in Columbia University. Associate Professor of Economics and Sociology in Dickinson College.

Brown, Frederick W. 1932 Prohibition and Mental Hygiene. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 61-88. Frederick W. Brown: Director of the Department of Information and Statistics of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, New York. Statistical Expert on Mental Disorders, US Bureau of the Census.

Brown, Mavis M. 1976 Second International Survey of Alcohol Taxation and Control Policies. Ottawa Canada: Brewers Association of Canada. 245 pp.

Brown, William G. 1932 State Cooperation in Enforcement. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 30-38. William G. Brown: State Prohibition Commissioner of West Virginia.

Bruun, Kettil, Griffith Edwards, Martti Lumio, Klaus Makela, Lynn Pan, Robert Popham, Robin Room, Wolfgang Schmidt, Ole-Jorgen Skog, Pekka Sulkunen, and Esa Osterberg 1975 Alcohol Control Policies in Public Health Perspective. Helsinki: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Vol. 25.

Byse, Clark 1940 Alcoholic Beverage Control Before Repeal. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 544-569. Clark Byse, LL.B., LL.M.: Assistant Professor of Law, University of Iowa College of Law.

Calkins, Raymond 1919 Substitutes For The saloon: An Investigation Originally Made for The Committee Of Fifty. 2nd edition, revised. Boston: Mifflin Company. 376 pp. First published 1901. Republished 1971, Arno Press. Introduction by Francis G. Peabody.

Carr, Aute Lee 1940 Liquor and the Constitution. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 709-716.

Carter, Henry 1919 The Control of the Drink Trade: A Contribution to National Efficiency During the Great War 1915 - 1918. 2nd Edition. London: Longmans, Green & Co. Preface by Lord D'Abernon.

--1932 The Drink Problem in Great Britain. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 197-205. The Rev. Henry Carter: General Secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Temperance and Social Welfare Department.

Catlin, George E.G. 1931 Liquor Control. New York: Henry Holt and Company.

--1932 Alternatives to Prohibition. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 181-187. Dr. George E.G. Catlin: Professor of Politics at Cornell University. Director of Research on the operation of the 18th Amendment, Social Science Research Council.

Cherrington, Ernest H. 1920 The Evolution of Prohibition in the United States of America: A Chronological History of the Liquor Problem and the Temperance Reform in the United States from the Earliest Settlements to the Consummation of National Prohibition. Westerville, Ohio: The American Issue Press. 384 pp.

--1924-30 Standard Encyclopedia of the Alcohol Problem. 6 Volumes. Westerville, Ohio: American Issue Publishing Company. Vol. 1, 1925; Vol. 2, 1924; Vol. 3, 1926; Vol. 4, 1928; Vol. 5, 1929; Vol. 6, 1930.

Childs, Randolph W. 1947 Making Repeal Work. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Alcoholic Beverage Study, Inc. Foreword by Laurence H. Eldredge, President of the Pennsylvania Alcoholic Beverage Study, Inc.

Christie, Nils 1965 Scandinavian Experience in Legislation and Control. National Conference on Legal Issues in Alcohol and Alcohol Usage. Boston: Boston University Law- Medicine Institute. pp. 101-122.

Clark, Norman H. 1965 The Dry Years: Prohibition and Social Change in Washington. Seattle, Washington: University of Washington Press.

--1976 Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. 246 pp.

Conlon, Charles F. 1940 Taxation in the Alcoholic Beverage Field. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 728-748. Charles F. Conlon, LL.B.: Assistant Director, Federation of Tax Administrators, Chicago.

Cooprider, Virgil W. 1940 Legal Questions in the Operation of the Licensing Systems. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 621-644.

Culver, Dorothy Campbell and Jack E. Thomas 1940 Protection of Dry Areas. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 696-708.

--1940 State Liquor Control Administration: A Statutory Analysis. Berkeley, California: University of California, Bureau of Public Administration. 80 pp. Dorothy Campbell Culver and Jack E. Thomas: Staff Members, Bureau of Public Administration, University of California, Berkeley.

Darrow, Clarence and Victor S. Yarros 1927 The Prohibition Mania: A Reply to Professor Irving Fisher and Others. New York: Boni and Liveright.

de Ganahl, Joe 1940 Trade Practice and Price Control in the Alcoholic Beverage Industry. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 665-688. Joe de Ganahl, J.D.: Alcohol Tax Unit, Bureau of Internal Revenue. Author of "The Scope of Federal Power Over Alcoholic Beverages Since the 21st Amendment."

Dennison, Henry S. and Albert E. Sawyer 1930 Federal Prohibition Enforcement: A Report to the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Part One. [Washington, DC] Revised as of December 1930. 317 pp.

--1930 Federal Prohibition Enforcement: A Report to the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Parts Two and Three. [Washington, DC] July 1930. 233 pp.

Distilled Spirits Institute, Inc. 1959 Summary of State Laws and Regulations Relating to Distilled Spirits, Fifteenth Edition. Washington, D. C.: Distilled Spirits Institute.

Dobyns, Fletcher 1974 The Amazing Story of Repeal: An Expose of the Power of Propaganda. Evanston, Ill.: Signal Press (First published 1940).

Dorchester, Daniel 1888 The Liquor Problem in All Ages. New York: Phillips and Hunt.

Dorr, Reta Childe 1929 Drink: Coercion or Control? New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. Reta Childe Dorr: Author of "Susan B. Anthony," etc.

Emerson, Haven 1932 Prohibition and Mortality and Morbidity. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 53-60. Haven Emerson, MD: Professor of Public Health Administration at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University. Assistant editor of "The Survey".

Fanshawe, E. L. 1893 Liquor Legislation in the United States and Canada: Report of a non- partisan Inquiry on the spot into the Laws and their Operation, undertaken at the request of W. Rathbone, M.P. London: Cassell and Company, Ltd. Letter of Introduction from W. Rathbone, M.P. E.L. Fanshawe: Barrister.

Feldman, Herman 1927 Prohibition: Its Economic and Industrial Aspects. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 407 pp. Herman Feldman, Ph.D.: Assistant Professor of Industrial Relations, Dartmouth College. Author of "The Regularization of Employment".

Fisher, Irving 1926 Prohibition At Its Worst. New York: The Macmillan Company.

--1930 The "Noble Experiment." New York: Alcohol Information Committee. Irving Fisher: Professor of Economics, Yale University.

Fosdick, Raymond B. and Albert L. Scott 1933 Toward Liquor Control. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. Foreword by John D. Rockefeller, Jr.

Franklin, Jimmie Lewis 1971 Born Sober: Prohibition in Oklahoma 1907 - 1959. Norman, Oklahoma:

Gebhart, John C. 1932 Movement Against Prohibition. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 172-180.

--1932 Prohibition and Real Estate Values. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 105-112. John C. Gebhart: Director of Research of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment.

Globetti, Gerald 1973 Approaches to the Control of Alcoholic Beverages in the .United States. Journal of Drug Issues: 3:260-266 (Stimmer).

Goodwin, Rev. T. A. 1883 Seventy-Six Years' Tussle with the Traffic: Being a Condensation of the Laws Relating to the Liquor Traffic in Indiana from 1807 to 1883 Inclusive, and All the Points Decided by the Supreme Court on More than Four Hundred Appeals. To Which is Prefixed A Comprehensive Statement of the Influences Which Have Molded Public Opinion on the Question, and Giving a Full Account of How the Prohibitory Law of 1855 Was Obtained, How it Worked, and How it Was Annulled. Indianapolis, Indiana: Carlon & Hollenbeck, Printers and Binders.

Gordon, Ernest 1930 When the Brewer Had the Stranglehold. New York: Alcohol Information Committee.

--1943 The Wrecking of the Eighteenth Amendment. Francestown, New Hampshire: The Alcohol Information Press. 299 pp. Ernest Gordon: Author of "The Breakdown of the Gothenburg System," "The Anti-Alcohol Movement in Europe," "Russian Prohibition," "The Maine Law," "Two Foot-notes to the History of the Anti-Alcohol Movement," "The Dry Fight in Europe," "Christ, the Apostles, and Wine."

Grant, Ernest A. 1932 The Liquor Traffic Before the Eighteenth Amendment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 1-9.

Green, Thomas S., Jr. 1940 Interstate Barriers in the Alcoholic Beverage Field. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 717-727. Thomas S. Green, Jr.: Author of "Liquor Trade Barriers."

Gusfield, Joseph R. 1963 Symbolic Crusade: Status Politics and the American Temperance Movement. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

--1968 Prohibition: The Impact of Political Utopianism. in Change and Continuity in Twentieth Century America: The 1920s. John Braeman, editor. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. pp. 257-308.

Harrison, Leonard V. and Elizabeth Laine 1936 After Repeal: A Study of Liquor Control Administration. New York: Harper & Bros. Publishers. 285 pp. Foreword by Luther Gulick, Director, Institute of Public Administration; Professor of Municipal Science and Administration, Columbia University.

Haynes, Roy A. 1932 Prohibition Inside Out. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company. Foreword by President Warren G. Harding. Roy A. Haynes: Prohibition Commissioner

Hearst Temperance Contest Committee, The 1929 Temperance or Prohibition? New York: New York American, Inc. Francis J. Tietsort, Editor.

Henderson, Yandell 1934 A New Deal In Liquor: A Plea for Dilution. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. Includes a reprinting of: "An Inquiry into the Effects of Ardent Spirits upon the Human Body and Mind" by Benjamin Rush. Yandell Henderson: Professor of Applied Physiology, Yale University.

Hose, Reginald E. 1928 Prohibition or Control?: Canada's Experience with the Liquor Problem 1921 - 1927. New York: Longmans, Green and Co. 129 pp.

Hu, Tun Yuan 1950 The Liquor Tax in the United States 1791 - 1947: A History Of the Internal Revenue Taxes Imposed on Distilled Spirits by the Federal Government. Monographs in Public Finance and National Income, o.1, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University. New York: Columbia University Press. Foreword by Robert Murray Haig. Introduction by Carl S. Shoup, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University.

Isaac, Paul E. 1965 Prohibition and Politics: Turbulent Decades in Tennessee 1885 - 1920. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press.

Johnsen, Julia E. 1934 Selected Articles on the Problem of Liquor Control (The Handbook Series) . New York: H.W. Wilson Company. 407 pp.

Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws, The 1950 Alcoholic Beverage Control: An Official Study. First Edition. New York: The Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 127 pp.

--1952 Trade Barriers Affecting Interstate Commerce in Alcoholic Beverages. Cleveland, Ohio: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 42 pp.

--1952 Sales of Alcoholic Beverages to Minors. Cleveland, Ohio: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 70 pp.

--1953 Impact on Alcoholic Beverage Control of Taxation and Mark-Up. Cleveland, Ohio: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 52 pp.

--1960 Alcoholic Beverage Control: An Official Study. Second Edition. Washington, D. C.: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 114 pp.

--1963 Uniform Standards for Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages in Newspapers and Magazines. Washington D. C.: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 114 pp.

--1973 Alcoholic Beverage Control: Administration, Licensing and Enforcement. Revised and Updated by Benjamin W. Corrado. Washington, D. C.: Joint Committee of the States to Study Alcoholic Beverage Laws. 89 pp.

Kinberg, Olov 1932 Temperance Legislation in Sweden. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol.. 163, pp. 206-215. Dr. Olov Kinberg: Professor of Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Kirkpatrick, E.L. and Evelyn G. Tough 1932 Prohibition and Agriculture. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 113-119. E.L. Kirkpatrick, Ph.D.: Associate Professor of Rural Sociology, University of Wisconsin. Evelyn G. Tough: Research Assistant in Rural Sociology, University of Wisconsin.

Koren, John 1899 Economic Aspects of the Liquor Problem: An Investigation Made Under the Direction of a Sub-Committee of The Committee Of Fifty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Introduction by Professor Henry W. Farnam.

--1916 Alcohol and Society. New York: Henry Holt and Company. 271 pp.

Landesco, John 1932 Prohibition and Crime. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 120129. John Landesco: Research Director of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology.

Law and Contemporary Problems 1940 Alcoholic Beverage Control. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 543-751.

Levy, Hermann 1951 Drink: An Economic and Social Study. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. 253 pp.

Lusk, Rufus S. 1932 The Drinking Habit. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 46-52. Rufus S. Lusk: Executive Vice- Commander and National Publicity Director of The Crusaders.

Meakin, Walter 1931 The Social and Economic Aspects of the Drink Problem. London: Victor Gollancz Ltd. Walter Meakin, Editor. 180 pp.

Medicine In The Public Interest, Inc. 1976 A Study In The Actual Effects of Alcoholic Beverage Control Laws. Vols. 1 & 2. Washington, D. C.: Medicine In the Public Interest, Inc.

Metz, Charles 1970 The Dry Decade. Seattle, Washington: The University of Washington Press. 343 pp.

Moffitt, Louis W. 1932 Control of the Liquor Traffic in Canada. The Annals of the Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 188-196. Dr. Louis Moffit: Professor of Political Economy, Wesley College, Winnipeg, Manitoba.. Joint Author of "The Liquor Traffic in Canada."

Odegard, Peter H. 1928 Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon League. New York: Columbia University Press. 299 pp.

O'Neill, John E. 1940 Federal Activity in Alcoholic Beverage Control. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 570-599. John O'Neill, LL.B., LL.M.: Technical Adviser to the Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue in Charge of the Alcohol Tax Unit.

Ostrander, Gilman M. 1957 The Prohibition Movement in California 1848 - 1933. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Packard, S. W. 1888 The Great Prohibition Decision Announced by the Supreme Court of the United States on the 5th Day of December 1887, in the Celebrated "Kansas Prohibition Cases." Second Edition. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.

Panunzio, Constantine 1932 The Foreign Born and Prohibition. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 147-154. Dr. Constantine Panunzio: Assistant Professor of Economics, University of California At Los Angeles.

Pearson, C.C. and J. Edwin Hendricks 1967 Liquor and Anti-Liquor in Virginia 1619 - 1919. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.

Pickett, Deets 1932 Prohibition and Economic Change. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 98-104.

--1934 Temperance and the Changing Liquor Situation. New York: The Methodist Book Concern. 167 pp. Deets Pickett: Research Secretary of the Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Managing Editor of "The Clipsheet," "The Voice," and "Cyclopedia of Temperance." Author of "Enemies of Youth," "Alcohol and the New Age," etc.

Pitman, Robert C. 1877 Alcohol and the State: A Discussion of the Problem of Law as Applied to the Liquor Traffic. New York: National Temperance Society and Publication House. Robert C. Pitman, LL.D.: Associate Justice of the Superior Court of Massachusetts.

Rowntree, Joseph and Arthur Sherwell 1901 The Temperance Problem and Social Reform. London: Hodder and Stoughton. 777 pp. Ninth edition. Joseph Rowntree: Author of "Temperance Legislation," "A Neglected Aspect of the Temperance Question." Arthur Sherwell: Author of "Life in West London."

Rumbarger, John Joseph 1968 The Social Origins and Function of the Political Temperance Movement in the Reconstruction of American Society 1825 - 1917. Doctoral dissertation in history. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms, Inc. 330 pp. John Joseph Rumbarger, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania.

Russell, Wallace A. 1940 Controls Over Labeling and Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7,:4, pp. 645-664. Wallace A. Russell, LL.B.: Attorney, Alcohol Tax Division of Chief Counsel's Office, Bureau of Internal Revenue. Attorney, Federal Alcohol Control Administration.

Sanford, E. P. 1932 The Illegal Liquor Traffic. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 39-45. E.P. Sanford: Chief of the Research Division of the Bureau of Prohibition in the United States Department of Justice.

Sawyer, Albert E. 1932 The Enforcement of National Prohibition. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (September) Vol. 163, pp. 10-29.

Schmeckebier, Laurence F. 1929 The Bureau of Prohibition: Its History, Activities and Organization. Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution. 333 pp.

Scott, William Rufus 1944 Revolt on Mount Sinai: The Puritan Retreat From Prohibition. Pasadena, California: William Rufus Scott.

Sellers, James Benson 1943 The Prohibition Movement In Alabama, 1702 to 1943. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. 325 pp. James Benson Sellers, Ph.D.: Department of History, University of Alabama.

Shadwell, Arthur 1903 Drink, Temperance and Legislation. New York: Longmans, Green and Company.

--1923 Drink in 1914 - 1922: A Lesson In Control. New York: Longmans, Green, and Company. Arthur Shadwell, MD, LL.D., F.R.C.P.: Author of articles on 'Liquor Laws' and 'Temperance' in the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Shaw, Elton Raymond 1924 Prohibition: Going or Coming?: Facts versus Fallacies and Suggestions for the Future. Berwyn, Ill.: Shaw Publishing Company. Foreword and Chapter 3 by Wayne B. Wheeler, LL.D.: General Counsel and Legislative Superintendent of the Anti- Saloon League of America. Elton Raymond Shaw, M.A.: Former Executive Secretary, Intercollegiate Prohibition Association.

Shipman, George A. 1940 State Administrative Machinery for Liquor Control. Law and Contemporary Problems. (Autumn) Vol. 7:4, pp. 600-620. George A. Shipman, Ph.D.: Associate Professor of Political Science, Duke University.

Sinclair, Andrew 1964 Era of Excess: A Social History of the Prohibition Movement. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. 480 pp.

Stone, Marion Edward 1943 American Liquor Control. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House.

Thompson, Walter 1935 The Control of Liquor in Sweden. New York: Columbia University Press. Walter Thompson: Professor of Political Science, Stanford University.

Timberlake, James H. 1970 Prohibition and the Progressive Movement: 1900 - 1920. New York: Atheneum.

Tydings, Millard E. 1930 Before and After Prohibition. New York: The Macmillan Company. 116 pp. Millard E. Tydings: United States Senator from Maryland.

US Government: Hearings 1919 Brewing and Liquor Interests and German Propaganda. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Senator Overman, Chairman. 65th Congress. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.

--1919 Prohibiting Intoxicating Beverages. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 60th- Congress. Washington D. C.: Government Printing Office.

--1926 Bills to Amend the National Prohibition Act. Senate Sub-committee of Committee on the Judiciary. 69th Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1660 pp.

--1930 To Amend the Prohibition Amendment. House Committee on the Judiciary. 71st Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1526 pp.

--1932 Amendment of the Prohibition Act. "A Bill . . . In Respect to the Definition of Intoxicating Liquor (S.436)" and "A Bill to Provide for Increasing the Permissible Alcoholic Content of Beer, Ale, or Porter to 3 2/10 per centum by Weight and to Provide Means by which All Beer, Ale, or Porter Shall Be Made of Products of American Farms (S.2473)." Senate Subcommittee of the Committee on Manufacture. 72nd Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 574 pp.

--1932 Modification of Repeal of National Prohibition. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. 72nd Congress. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

US Government: National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, George W. Wickersham, Chairman. 1930 Proposals to Improve Enforcement of Criminal Laws of the United States. 71st Congress, House Document No. 252. [Washington, DC] January 13, 1930. 27 pp.

--1931 Report on the Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws of the United States. 71st Congress, House Document No. 722. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, January 7, 1931. 162 pp.

--1931 Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws. Official Records of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement Pertaining to Its Investigation of the Facts as to the Enforcement, the Benefits, and the Abuses Under the Prohibition Laws, Both Before and Since the Adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution. 71st Congress, Senate Document No. 307. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office. Vol. 1, 460 pp.; Vol. 2, 399 pp.; Vol. 3, 364 pp.; Vol. 4, 1176 pp.; Vol. 5, 761 pp.

US Government: Treasury Department, Bureau of Internal Revenue. 1924-32 Statistics Concerning Intoxicating Liquors. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office. 1924, 33 pp.; 1925, 38 pp.; 1926, 51 pp.; 1927, 53 pp.; 1928, 51 pp.; 1929, 57 pp.; 1930, 73 pp.; 1931, 99 pp.; 1932, 149 pp.

US Government: Treasury Department, Bureau of Prohibition. 1931 Alcohol, Hygiene and the Public Schools: Digest of State Laws. Washington DC: Division of Research and Public Information. 44 pp.

--1933 Digest of Various State Laws Relating to the Manufacturing, Sale, Importation, Exportation, and Transportation of Beverages Containing Not More Than 3.2 per Centum of Alcohol by Weight. Washington DC: Treasury Department. 42 pp.

US Government: Treasury Department, Division of Tax Research. 1948 Federal Excise Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages. [Washington, DC] June 1948. 101 pp.

US Government: Treasury Department, Federal Alcohol Administration 1935 Code of Fair Competition Series. As amended to April 1935. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Code of Fair Competition for the Alcoholic Beverages Importing Industry. 22 pp. Code of Fair Competition for the Alcoholic Beverage Wholesale Industry. 29 pp. Code of Fair Competition for the Brewing Industry. 26 pp. Code of Fair Competition for the Distilled Spirits Industry. 27 pp. Code of Fair Competition for the Distilled Spirits Rectifying Industry. 29 pp. Code of Fair Competition for the Wine Industry. 22 pp.

--1935 Legislation History of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act. No. 401, 74th Congress. House Document No. 8870. Washington, D. C. : Government Printing Of f ice. September 1935.

--1937-39 Addresses of W.S. Alexander, Administrator. Washington, D. C.: Treasury Department, Federal Alcohol Administration. Present Trends in Liquor Control. Address of W.S. Alexander Before the National Conference of State Liquor Administrators, Mackinac Island, Michigan. July 1937. 7 pp. Address of W.S. Alexander . . . Before the National Conference of State Liquor Administrators at Miami, Florida. March 20, 1939. 7pp. Address of W.S. Alexander at the Annual Convention of the National Alcoholic Beverage Control Association, Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. September 6, 1939.

--1937-40 Annual Reports. W.S. Alexander, Administrator. Washington, DC: Treasury Department, Federal Alcohol Administration. 1937, 12 pp.; 1938, 27 pp.; 1939, 9pp.; 1940, 30 pp.

--1940 Statistics on Whiskey, Rum, and Brandy For the Period from January 1, 1939 to March 31, 1940. Washington, DC: Treasury Department, Federal Alcohol Administration. 16 pp.

US Government: Treasury Department, Federal Alcohol Administration Regulations. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1939 Regulations No. 1 Relating to the Issuance, Revocation, Suspension, and Annulment of Basic Permits. As amended to January 1939. 9 pp.

--1935 Regulations No. 2 Relating to Non-Industrial Use of Distilled Spirits and Wine. 2 pp.

--1935 Regulations No. 3 Relating to Bulk Sales and Bottling of Distilled Spirits. 2 pp.

--1939 Regulations No. 4 Relating to Labeling and Advertising of Wine. As amended to 1 March 1939. 34 pp.

--1939 Regulations No. 5 Relating to Labeling and Advertising of Distilled Spirits. As amended to 1 March 1939. 54 pp.

--1936 Regulations No. 6 Relating to Furnishing of Equipment, Fixtures, Signs, Supplies, Money. Services, or Other Things of Value to Retailers of Distilled Spirits, Wine, and Malt Beverages. 4 pp.

--1940 Regulations No. 7 Relating to Labeling and Advertising of Malt Beverages. As amended to 1 January 1940. 18 pp.

--1938 Regulations No. 8 Prescribing the Credit Period to be Extended to Retailers of Alcoholic Beverages. As amended to November 1938. 2 pp.

Vansant, William R. 1910 Weaning The Nation from Strong Drink: The People as a Nation Indicted and Millions of American Citizens Convicted: The Crisis and the Remedy. Legal addenda by L. F. Cummings. Chicago: W. R. Vansant & Company. 416 pp.

Warburton, Clark 1932 The Economic Results of Prohibition. New York: Columbia University Press. (Doctoral dissertation) 271 pp.

--1932 Prohibition and Economic Welfare. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 88-97. Clark Warburton, Ph.D.: Institute of Economics, The Brookings Institution.

Warner, Harry S. 1928 Prohibition, An Adventure in Freedom. Westerville, Ohio: The World League Against Alcoholism, The American Issue Press.

--1932 Prohibition - A Step in a Process. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 155-162. Harry S. Warner: General Secretary of the Inter-Collegiate Prohibition Association, Washington. Author of "Social Welfare and the Liquor Problem" and Co-Author of "Prohibition in Outline." Editor of "The International Student."

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice 1930 The History of Liquor Licensing in England Principally From 1700 to 1830. London: Longmans, Green and Co.

Wheeler, Wayne B. 1921 Federal and State Laws Relating to Intoxicating Liquor. Westerville, Ohio: The American Issue Publishing Company. 3rd Edition, Nov. 1921. Wayne B. Wheeler, LL.D.: General Counsel and Legislative Superintendent of the Anti-Saloon League of America.

Whitener, Daniel Jay 1945 Prohibition in North Carolina. 1715 - 1945. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press. Daniel Jay Whitener, Ph.D.: Professor of History and Government and Head of Department of Social Studies, Appalachian State Teachers College.

Wilkinson, Rupert 1970 The Prevention of Drinking Problems. New York: Oxford University Press.

Willebrandt, Mabel Walker 1929 The Inside of Prohibition. Indianapolis, Indiana: The Bobbs-Merrill Company. 347 pp. Mabel Walker Willebrandt: Former Assistant Attorney General of the United States in charge of prohibition cases.

Wilson, Clarence True 1932 License and Liquor or Law and Loyalty? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 163-171. Clarence True Wilson, LL.D.: General Secretary of the Board of Temperance, Prohibition and Public Morals of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Member of the National Temperance Council.

Wines, Frederic H. and John Koren 1897 The Liquor Problem in its Legislative Aspects: An Investigation Made Under the Direction of a Sub-Committee of The Committee of Fifty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 425 pp.

Wuorinen, John H. 1931 The Prohibition Experiment in Finland. New York: Columbia University Press.

--1932 Finland's Prohibition Experiment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. (September) Vol. 163, pp. 216-226. Dr. John H. Wuorinen: Instructor in History at Columbia University.