Economics of the Drug War Bibliography

Brumbaugh, A.“The cost of untreated chemical dependency.” Santa Barbara, CA: Stillpoint Press. 1998.

Brumm, HJ; Cloninger, D. "The drug war and the homicide rate: A direct correlation." Cato Journal. 1995. 14(3): 508-517.

Bukoski, WJ; Evans, RI, Eds. Cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness research on drug abuse prevention: Implications for programming and policy. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1998. 214 pp. NIDA Research Monograph #176.

Bureau of Justice Statistics. Prison statistics web page. 15 September 2003.

Cabases, JM; Sanchez, E. “Costs and effectiveness of a syringe distribution and needle exchange programme for HIV prevention in a regional setting.” Spain: Departamento de Economía - Universidad Pública de Navarra. 2002. 19 pp. Documentos de Trabajo- Lan Gaiak Departmento de Economia Universidad Pública de Navarra #204.

Campbell, R. “Dollars and sentences: Legislators’ views on prisons, punishment and the budget crisis.” New York: Vera Institute of Justice. 2003. 15 pp.

Caputo, MR; Ostrum, BJ. "Potential tax revenue from a regulated marijuana market: A meaningful revenue source." American Journal of Sociology. 1994. 53: 473-490.

Cartwright, WS. “Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of drug abuse treatment services.” Evaluation Review. 1998. 22(5): 609-636.

Cartwright, WS; Kaple, JM. “Economic costs, cost-effectiveness, financing, and community-based drug treatment.” Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1991. 221 pp. NIDA Research Monograph #113.

Caulkins, JP. "Domestic geographic variation in illicit drug prices." Journal of Urban Economics. 1995. 37(1): 38-56.

Caulkins, JP. "Modeling the domestic distribution network for illicit drugs." Management Science. 1997. 43(10): 1364-1371.

Caulkins, JP. “Developing price series for cocaine.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corp. 1994. 62 pp.

Caulkins, JP. “Estimating elasticities of demand for cocaine and heroin with DUF data.” Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Mellon University. 1996. 28 pp.

Caulkins, JP; Reuter, P. "What price data tell us about drug markets." Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 593-612.

Caulkins, JP; Rydell, C. P; Chiesa, J; Schwabe, WL; Rand Corporation, Drug Policy Research Center. “Mandatory minimum drug sentences: Throwing away the key or the taxpayers' money?” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1997. 193 pp. Summary and excerpts available.

Caulkins, JP; Rydell, CP; Everingham, SS. “An Ounce of prevention, a pound of uncertainty: The cost-effectiveness of school-based drug prevention programs.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1999. 194 pp.

Chaloupka, FJ. "Rational addictive behavior and cigarette smoking." Journal of Political Economy. 1991. 99(4): 722-742.

Chaloupka, FJ; Pacula, RL; Farrelly, MC; Johnston, LD; O'Malley, PO. “Do higher cigarette prices encourage youth to use marijuana?” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1999. 26 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6939.

Chaloupka, FJ; Grossman, M; Bickel, WK; Saffer, H, Eds. “Economic analysis of substance use and abuse: An integration of econometric and behavioral economic research.” Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 1999. 352 pp.

Chaloupka, FJ; Grossman, M; Tauras, JA. “The demand for cocaine and marijuana by youth.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 32 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6411.

Clements, KW; Daryal, M. “The economics of marijuana consumption.” Crawley, Australia: University of Western Australia Economic Research Centre. 1999. 69 pp.

Coate, D; Goldman, F. "The impact of drug addiction on criminal earnings." In: Leveson, I, Ed., Quantitative Explorations in Drug Abuse Policy. Jamaica, NY: Spectrum. 1980. 55-71.

Cohen, J; Nagin, D; Wallstrom, G; Wassermann, L. "Hierarchical Bayesian analysis of arrest rates." Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1998. 93(444): 1260-1270.

Collins, D; Lapsley, HM. "Costs and benefits." International Journal on Drug Policy. 1992. 3(3): 153-159.

Coppejans, M; Sieg, H. “Price uncertainty, tax policy, and addiction: Evidence and implications.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 2002. 32 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #9073.

Corman, H; Mocan, HN. "An economic analysis of drug use and crime." Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 613-632.

Corman, H; Mocan, HN. “A time-series analysis of crime and drug use in New York City.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1996. 20 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #5463.

 Culyer, AJ. "Should social policy concern itself with drug abuse?" Public Finance Quarterly. 1973. 1: 449-456.

Daryal, M. “Prices, legalisation and marijuana consumption.” Crawley, Australia: University of Western Australia Economic Research Centre. 1999. 26 pp.

DiNardo, J. "A critical review of the estimates of the costs of alcohol and drug use." Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems. 1994. 11: 24 pp.

DiNardo, J; Lemieux, T. “Alcohol, marijuana, and American youth: The unintended effects of government regulation.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1992. 25 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #4212.

Doyle, C; Smith, JC.  "The economics of crime and drugs." Coventary, England. University of Warwick Department of Economics. 2002. 30 pp.

Drug Policy Alliance. “Drug treatment vs. supply side measures.” New York, NY: Drug Policy Alliance. 2002. various pp.

Drug Policy Alliance. “Economic consequences of the war on drugs.” New York, NY: Drug Policy Alliance. 2002. various pp.

Drug Policy Alliance. “Proposition 36 - One Year Later Progress Report.” CA: Drug Policy Alliance. 2002. various pp.

Drug Policy Alliance. “The US war on drugs: Political economics of a new slavery.” New York, NY: Drug Policy Alliance. Undated. various pp.

Drug War Facts. “Drug war facts: Economics.” Web page. 15 September 2003.

Duke, SB; Gross, AC. “America's longest war: Rethinking our tragic crusade against drugs.” New York: Putnam's Sons. 1993. 348 pp.

Eatherly, BJ. "Drug law enforcement: Should we arrest pushers or users?" Journal of Political Economy. 1974. 82: 210-214.

Ehrlich, I. "Participation in illegitimate activities: A theoretical and empirical investigation." Journal of Political Economy. 1973. 81: 521-565.

Everingham, SS. “Modeling the demand for cocaine.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1994. 60 pp.

Farrelly, MC. “The effects of prices and policies on the demand for marijuana: Evidence from the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1999. 22 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6940.

Feinauer, DM. "The relationship between workplace accident rates and drug and alcohol abuse: The unproven hypothesis." Labor Studies Journal. 1990. 15(4): 3-15.

Finigan, MW. “Societal outcomes and cost savings of drug and alcohol treatment in the state of Oregon.” Portland, OR: Northwest Professional Consortium. 1996. 29 pp.

Fiorentini, G; Peltzman, S, Eds. “The Economics of organised crime.” New York: Cambridge University Press. 1995. 301 pp.

French, MT. “Cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine maintenance versus methadone maintenance.” Addiction. 2001. 96(10): 1515- 517.

French, MT. “The role of health economics in substance abuse research: Recent advances and future opportunities overview.” Recent Developments in Alcoholism. 2001. 15: 201-208.

French, MT; Mauskopf, JA; Teague, JL; Roland, EJ. “Estimating the dollar value of health outcomes from drug-abuse interventions.” Medical Care. 1996. 34: 890-910.

French, MT; Salome, HJ; Krupski, A; McKay, JR; Donovan, DM; McLellan, AT; Durell, J. “Benefit-cost analysis of residential and outpatient addiction treatment in the State of Washington.” Evaluation Review. 2000. 24(6): 609-634. 

Friedman, D. “Drugs, violence and economics.” Web page. 15 September 2003.

Friedman, M. "The war we are losing." In: Krauss, MB; Lazear, EP, Eds., Searching for alternatives: Drug-control policy in the United States. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. 1991. 454 pp.

Friedman, M. “Friedman and Szasz on liberty and drugs: Essays on the free market and prohibition.” Washington, DC: Drug Policy Foundation Press. 1992. 80 pp.

Fluellen, R; Trone, J. “Do drug courts save jail and prison beds?” New York: Vera Institute of Justice. 2000. 8 pp.

Garcia, FE. "The determinants of substance abuse in the workplace." Social Science Journal. 1996. 33(1): 55-68.

Gieringer, D. “Economics of cannabis legalization: Detailed analysis if the benefits if ending cannabis prohibition.” CA: California NORML. 1994. various pp.

Glaeser, EL; Kessler, DP; Piehl, AM. “What do prosecutors maximize? An analysis of drug offenders and concurrent jurisdiction.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 37 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6602.

Gleason, P; Veum, J; Pergamit, M. "Drug and alcohol use at work: A survey of young workers." Monthly Labor Review. 1991. 114(8): 3-7.

Godrey, C; Eaton, G; McDougall, C; Culyer, AJ. “The Economic and social costs of Class A drug use in England and Wales, 2000.” London: Home Office, Research and Statistics Directorate.  2002.  62 pp. Home Office Research Study #249.

Goldman, F. "Drug abuse, crime, and economics: The dismal limits of social choice." In: Inciardi, JA, Ed., The drugs-crime connection. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 1981. 155-182.

Goldstein, PJ. "Getting over: Economic alternatives to predatory crime among street drug users." In: Inciardi, JA, Ed., The drugs-crime connection. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 1981. 67-84.

Goldstein, PJ; Brownstein, HH; Ryan, PJ; Bellucci, PA. "Most drug-related murders result from crack sales, not use." Drug Policy Letter. 1990 2(2): 6-9.

Grogger, J; Willis, M. “Introduction of crack cocaine and the rise in urban crime rates.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 36 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6353.

Grossman, M; Chaloupka, FJ; Anderson, R. "A survey of economic models of addictive behavior." Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 631-644.

Grossman, M; Chaloupka, FJ; Sirtalan, I. "An Empirical Analysis of Alcohol Addiction: Results from Monitoring the Future Panels." Economic Inquiry. 1997. 36(1): 39-48.

Hankins, C. “Needle exchange: Panacea or problem?” Canadian Medical Association Journal. 1997. 157: 275- 277.

Harrison, LD; Gfroerer, JC. "The intersection of drug use and criminal behavior: Results from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse." Crime and Delinquency. 1992. 38(4): 422-443.

Hartwell, T; Steele, PD; Rodman, N. "Prevalence of drug testing in the workplace." Monthly Labor Review. 1996. 119(11): 35-48.

Hartwell, T; Steele, PD; Rodman, N. "Workplace alcohol-testing programs: Prevalence and trends." Monthly Labor Review. 1998. 121(6): 27-34.

Hartz, DT; Meek, P; Piotrowski, NY; Tusel, DJ; Henke, CJ; Delucchi, K; Sees, K; Hall, SM. “A cost-effectiveness and cost- benefit analysis of contingency contracting-enhanced methadone detoxification treatment.” American Journal of Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1999. 25(2): 207-218.

Harwood, H. “The Economic costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States, 1992.” Washington, DC: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1998. various pp.

Hay, JW. "The harm they do others: A primer on the external costs of drug abuse." In: Krauss, MB; Lazear, EP, Eds., Searching for alternatives: Drug-control policy in the United States. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. 1991. 200-225.

Hayghe, HV. "Anti-drug programs in the workplace." Monthly Labor Review. 1991. 144(4): 26-37.

Health Outcomes International. “Return on investment in needle and syringe programs in Australia: A final report.” Canberra, Australia: Department of Health and Ageing. 2002. 123 pp.

Henderson, DR. "A humane economist's case for drug legalization." University of California Davis Law Review. 1991. 24: 655-676.

Hersch, J; Viscusi, WK. "Smoking and other risky behaviors." Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 645-662.

Hirth, RA. "Workplace drug abuse policy: A comment." Journal of Health Economics. 1994. 13(3): 373-378.

Hsing, Y. "An analysis of arrests regarding illegal drugs: The determinants and policy implications." American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 1996. 55(1): 53-60.

Hubbard, RL; French, MT. “New perspectives on the benefit-cost and cost-effectiveness of drug abuse treatment.” Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1991. 113: 94-113. NIDA Research Monograph #113.

Jacobs, P; Calder, P; Taylor, M; et al. “Cost effectiveness of Streetworks' needle exchange program of Edmonton.” Canadian Journal of Public Health. 1999. 90(3):168-171.

Jacobs, P; Calder, P Taylor, M; et al. “Cost effectiveness of Streetworks needle exchange program of Edmonton, Alberta.” Edmonton, Canada: Institute of Health Economics. 1999. 19 pp. Institute of Pharmaco-Economics Working Paper Series #9810.

Kaestner, R. "New estimates of the effect of marijuana and cocaine use on wages." Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 1994. 47(3): 454-470.

Kaestner, R. “Does drug use cause poverty?” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 31 pp. NBER Working Paper #6406.

Kaestner, R. “Drug use and AFDC participation: Is there a connection?” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1996. 34 pp. NBER Working Paper #5555.

Kaestner, R. “The effect of illicit drug use on the wages of young adults.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1990. 14 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #3535.

Kaestner, R. “The effect of illicit drug use on the labor supply of young adults.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1992. 11 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #4187.

Kaestner, R; Grossman, M. "Wages, worker's compensation benefits and drug use: Indirect evidence of the effect of drugs on workplace accidents." American Economic Review. 1995. 85(2): 55-60.

Kandel, D; Yamaguchi, K. "From beer to crack: Developmental patterns of drug involvement." American Journal of Public Health. 1993. 83: 851-855.

Kaplan, EH; O’Keefe, E. “Let the needles do the talking! Evaluating the New Haven needle exchange.” Interfaces. 1993. 7-26.

Kennedy, M; Reuter, P; Riley, KJ. "A simple economic model of cocaine production." Mathematical and Computer Modeling. 1993. 17(2): 19-36.

Kleiman, MAR. "Neither prohibition nor legalization: Grudging toleration in drug control policy." In: McShane, M; Williams, FP, III, Eds., Drug use and drug policy. New York: Garland. 1997. 179-210.

Kleiman, MAR. “Marijuana: Costs of abuse, costs of control.” New York: Greenwood Press. 1989. 197 pp. Contributions in Criminology and Penology #22.

Krauss, MB; Lazear, EP, Eds. “Searching for Alternatives: Drug-Control Policy in the United States.” Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. 1992. 454 pp.

Landsburg, SE. "Choosing sides in the drug war: How the Atlantic Monthly got it wrong." In: Landsburg, SE, Armchair economist: Economics and everyday life. New York: Free Press. 1993. 95-105.

Langenbucher, JW; McCrady, BS; Brick, J; Esterly, R. “Socioeconomic evaluations of addictions treatment.” New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, Center of Alcohol Studies. 1993. various pp.

Laufer, FN. “Cost-effectiveness of syringe exchange as an HIV prevention strategy.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2001. 28(3): 273-278.

Legislative Analyst Office Judiciary and Criminal Justice. “Analysis of the 2003-04 budget bill for California web page.” 15 September 2003.

Levine, HG; et al. “Alcohol Control, Particularly Before and at Repeal, A Selected Bibliography." 1977. various pp.

Levitt, SD. “The effect of prison population size on crime rates: Evidence from prison overcrowding litigation.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1995. 27pp. NBER Working Paper Series #5119.

Levitt, SD; Venkatesh, SR. “An economic analysis of gang finances.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 42 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6592.

Little Hoover Commission. “For our health & safety: Joining forces to defeat addiction.” Sacramento, CA: Little Hoover Commission. 2003. 108 pp.

Luchansky, B; Longhi, D. “Cost savings in Medicaid medical expenses : An outcome of publicly funded chemical dependency treatment in Washington State: A five year cost savings study of indigent persons served by Washington State's Alcoholism and Drug Addiction Treatment and Support Act (ADATSA).” Olympia, WA:  Washington State Department of Social and Health Services. 1997. 18 pp.

Lurie, P; Gorsky, R; Jones, TS; Shomphe, L.  “An economic analysis of needle exchange and pharmacy-based programs to increase sterile syringe availability for injection drug users.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology. 1998. 18(Suppl 1): S126-S132.

Lurie, Peter; Reingold, Arthur L.  University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health. “Public health impact of needle exchange programs in the United States and abroad: Summary, conclusions and recommendations.” Berkeley, CA: University of California-Berkeley, School of Public Health. 1993. 43 pp.

MacCoun, RJ; Caulkins, JP. "Examining the behavioral assumptions of the National Drug Control Strategy." In: Bickel, WK; DeGrandpre, RJ, Eds, Drug policy and human nature: Psychological perspectives on the prevention, management, and treatment of illicit drug abuse. New York: Plenum Press. 1996.

MacCoun, RJ; Reuter, P; Schelling, T. "Assessing alternative drug control regimes." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 1996. 15(3): 330-352.

Maag, V. “Decriminalisation of cannabis use in Switzerland from an international perspective: European, American and Australian experiences.” International Journal on Drug Policy. 2003. 14(3): 279-281.

Mauer, Marc. “Americans behind bars: The international use of incarceration 1992-1993.” Washington DC: Sentencing Project. 1994.

May, T; Warburton, H; Turnbull, PJ; Hough, M; Joseph Rowntree Foundation. “Times they are a-changing: Policing of cannabis.” York, England: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 2002. 62 pp.

McGuire, TG; Ruhm, CJ. "Workplace drug abuse policy." Journal of Health Economics. 1993. 12(1): 19-38.

McGuire, TG; Ruhm, CJ. "Workplace drug abuse policy: A reply." Journal of Health Economics. 1994. 13(3): 379-380.

McVay, D. “Marijuana legalization: The time is now.” In: Inciardi, JA, Eds, Studies in Crime, Law and Justice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 1991.

Merrill, J; Fox, K. "The impact of substance abuse on federal spending." In: Bukoski, WJ; Evans, RI, Eds, Cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness research on drug abuse prevention: Implications for programming and policy. Rockville, MD: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1998. 5-35. NIDA Research Monograph #176.

Michaels, RJ. "The market for heroin before and after legalization." In: Hamowy, R, Ed., Dealing with drugs: Consequences of government control. San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy. 1987. 385 pp. Pacific Studies in Public Policy.

Miron, JA. "Alcohol consumption during prohibition." American Economic Review. 1991. 81(2): 242-247.

Miron, JA. "An economic analysis of alcohol prohibition." Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 741-762.

Miron, JA. “The budgetary implications of marijuana legalization in Massachusetts.” Greenfield, MA: Change the Climate.  2003. 15 pp.

Miron, JA. "Drug legalization and the consumption of drugs: An economist's perspective." In: Krauss, MB; Lazear, EP, Eds., Searching for alternatives: Drug-control policy in the United States. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. 1991. 68-76.

Miron, JA. “The effect of alcohol prohibition on alcohol consumption.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1999. 39 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #7130.

Miron, JA. “The effect of marijuana decriminalization on the budgets of Massachusetts governments, with a discussion of decriminalization's effect on marijuana use.” Boston, MA: Boston University. 2002, October 24. various pp.

Miron, JA. “Violence and the US prohibition of drugs and alcohol.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1999. 40 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6950.

Miron, JA; Zweibel, J. "The economic case against drug prohibition." Journal of Economic Perspectives. 1995. 9(4): 175-192.

Model, KE. "The effect of marijuana decriminalization on hospital emergency room drug episodes: 1975-1978." Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1993. 88(423): 737-747.

Moore, MH. "Policies to achieve discrimination on the effective price of heroin." American Economic Review. 1973. 63: 270-277.

Moore, MH. "Supply reduction and drug law enforcement." In: Tonry, M; Wilson, JQ, Eds., Drugs and crime. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 1990. 109-158.

Moore, MH. “Buy and bust: The effective regulation of an illicit market in heroin.” Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. 1977. 291 pp.

Mullins, CD; Whitelaw, G; Cooke, JL; Beck, EJ. “Indirect cost of HIV infection in England.” Clinical Therapeutics. 2000. 22(11): 1333-1345.

Murphy, P; David, LE; Liston, T; Thaler, D; Webb, K. “ Improving anti-drug budgeting.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 2000. 119pp.

Nadelmann, EN. “The case for legalization.” Public Interest. 1988. 92: 3-17.

Nadelmann, EN; Hallingby, L. “Part 1: Drugs and drug policy bibliography.” New York: Lindesmith Center. 1996. various pp.

Nadelmann, Ethan. "The End of the Epoch of Prohibition." In: Bollinger, L, Ed, Cannabis Science: From Prohibition to Human Right. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. 1997. 37-47.
National Bureau of Economic Research. Home Page. 15 September 2003.

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. “Shoveling up: The impact of substance abuse on state budgets.” New York, NY: National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse. 2001. 183 pp.

National Evaluation Data Services; et al. “Cost effectiveness and cost benefit analysis of substance abuse treatment: A literature review.” Falls Church, VA: Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. 2002. 76 pp.

Niskanen, WA. "Economists and drug policy." Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy. 1992. 36: 223-248.

Noland, Frederick. “Talking dollars and sense about drugs.” King County Bar Bulletin. 2001. 2 pp.

Norman, J; Lempert, RO; O'Brien, CP, Eds. “Under the influence? Drugs and the American work force.” Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 1994. 321 pp.

Oklahoma Criminal Justice Resource Center. “A Report to the Oklahoma Legislature of Felony Sentencing in 2001.” Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Sentencing Commission. 2003. 198 pp.

Office of National Drug Control Policy.  Home page. 15 September 2003.

Office of National Drug Control Policy. “The economic costs of drug abuse in the United States 1992-1998.” Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2001. 92 pp.

Office of National Drug Control Policy. “CTAC research and development blueprint update 2003.” Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2003. 44 pp.

Office of National Drug Control Policy. “National Drug Control strategy: Update.” Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2003. 59 pp.

Office of National Drug Control Policy. “National Drug Control strategy: FY 2004 budget summary.” Washington, DC: Office of National Drug Control Policy. 2003. 122 pp.

Ohio Valley Center for Brain Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. “Outcomes substance abuse: The cost effectiveness of early intervention for substance abuse.” Columbus, OH: Ohio Valley Center for Brain Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. Undated. various pp.

Pacula, RL. “Adolescent alcohol and marijuana consumption: Is there really a gateway effect?” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 43 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6348.

Painter, MJ. “The war on drugs and economics of incarceration: 1970-2001.” Web page. Undated. 38 pp.

Parthasarathy, S; Weisner, C; Hu, TW; Moore, C. “Association of outpatient alcohol and drug treatment with health care utilization and cost: revisiting the offset hypothesis.” Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 2001. 62(1): 89-97.

Pentz, M. "Costs, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of comprehensive drug abuse prevention." In: Bukoski, WJ; Evans, RI, Eds, Cost-benefit/cost-effectiveness research on drug abuse prevention: Implications for programming and policy. Rockville, MD: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1998. 111-129. NIDA Research Monograph #176.

Petry, NM; Bickel, WK. “A behavioral economic analysis of polydrug abuse in heroin addicts.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 12 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6415.

Piper, B; Briggs, M; Huffman, K; Lubot-Conk, R. “State of the states: Drug policy reforms 1996-2002: A report by the Drug Policy Alliance.” New York, NY: Drug Policy Alliance. 2003. 51 pp.

Rasmussen, DW; Benson, BL. “The economic anatomy of a drug war: Criminal justice in the commons.” Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield. 1994. 265 pp.

Rasmussen, DW; Benson, BL; Mocan, HN. "The economics of drug abuse in context: Can economics be a part of an integrated theory of drug use?" Journal of Drug Issues. 1998. 28(3): 575-592.

Rasmussen, DW; Benson, BL. “Rationalizing drug policy under federalism.” Florida State University Law Review. 2003. 30(4): 679-734.

Register, CA; Williams, DR. "Labor market effects of marijuana and cocaine use among young men." Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 1992. 45(3): 435-448.

Reuter, P. "Hawks ascendant: The punitive trend of American drug policy." In: McShane, M; Williams, FP, III, Eds., Drug use and drug policy. New York: Garland. 1997.

Reuter, P. "Foreign demand for Latin American drugs: The USA and Europe." In: Joyce, E; Malamud, C, Eds., Latin America and the multinational drug trade. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1998. 23-43.

Reuter, P. "The mismeasurement of illegal drug markets." In: Pozo, S, Ed., Exploring the underground economy: Studies of illegal and unreported activity. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research 1996. 63-80.

Reuter, P. “The mismeasurement of illegal drug markets.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1998. various pp.

Reuter, P; MacCoun, RJ; Murphy, P; Abrahamse, A; Simon, B. “Money from crime: A study of the economics of drug dealing in Washington, D.C.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1990. 172 pp.

Rosa, M; Lambert, EY; Gropper, B, Eds. “Drugs and violence: Causes, correlates, and consequences.” Rockville, MD: US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1990. 283 pp. NIDA Research Monograph #103.

Rottenberg, S. " The clandestine distribution of heroin, it discovery and suppression?” Journal of Political Economy. 1968. 76: 78-90.

Rua, J. “Treatment works: The tragic cost of undervaluing treatment in the ‘drug war’.” Washington, DC: National Association of State and Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors. 1990. various pp.

Rutgers University Center of Alcohol Studies. “Socioeconomic evaluations of addictions treatment: Executive summary.” Washington, DC: The White House President's Commission on Model State Drug Laws. 1993. 125 pp.

Rydell, CP; Everingham, SS. “Controlling cocaine: Supply versus demand programs.” Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1994. 120 pp.

Rydell, CP; Everingham, SS. “Modelling the demand for cocaine. Santa Monica, CA: Rand. 1994. 60 pp.

Saffer, H; Chaloupka, FJ. “Demographic differentials in the demand for alcohol and illicit drugs.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1998. 25 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #6432.

Salome, HJ; French, MT. “Using cost and financing instruments for economic evaluation of substance abuse treatment services.” Recent Development in Alcoholism. 2001. 15: 253-69.

Saffer, H; Chaloupka, FJ. “State drug control spending and illicit drug participation.” Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. 1999.  21 pp. NBER Working Paper Series #7114.

Scalia, John; Bureau of Justice Statistics. “Federal drug offenders, 1999 with trends 1984-99.” Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2001. 12 pp.

Schelling, T. "Addictive drugs: The cigarette experience." Science. 1992. 255(5043): 430-433.

Schiraldi, V; Holman, B; Beatty, P. “Poor Prescription: The Costs of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States.” San Francisco, CA: Justice Policy Institute. 2000. 35 pp.

Shepard, DS; Larson, MJ; Hoffmann, NG. “Cost-effectiveness of substance abuse services: Implications for public policy.” The Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 1999. 22(2): 385-400.

Shepard, EM. “The Economic costs of D.A.R.E.” Le Moyne College Institute of Industrial Relations.  2001.  20 pp. Institute of Industrial relations Research Paper #22.

Shepard, EM. “We wasted billions on D.A.R.E.” Reconsider Quarterly. 2001-2002. 1(4): 6-11.

Shepard, EM; Clifton, T. “Drug testing and labor productivity: Estimates applying a production function model." Le Moyne College Institute of Industrial Relations. 1998. 30 pp. Institute of Industrial relations Research Paper #18.

Sickles, R; Taubman, P. "Who uses illegal drugs?" American Economic Review. 1991. 81(2): 248-251.

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