Beyond Oral Methadone: Expanded Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Drug Dependence

Amphetamines

Bradbeer, T. M.; Fleming, Philip M.; Charlton, P.; Crichton, J. S. Survey of amphetamine prescribing in England and Wales. 1998. 24 p.

Fleming, Philip M.; Roberts, D. "Is the prescription of amphetamine justified as a harm reduction measure?" Journal of the Royal Society of Health. 1994. 114(3): 127-131.

Fleming, Philip M. Prescribing amphetamine to amphetamine users as a harm reduction measure. 1998. 17 p.

Mattick, Richard P.; Darke, Shane. "Drug replacement treatments: Is amphetamine substitution a horse of a different colour?" Drug and Alcohol Review. 1995. 14: 389-394.

Merrill, John. "Evaluation of prescribing dexamphetamine in the treatment of amphetamine dependence." 1998. 10 p. Unpublished document.

Myles, Judith. "Treatment for amphetamine misuse in the United Kingdom." In: Klee, Hilary, Ed., Amphetamine misuse: International perspectives on current trends. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic. 1997. 69-79.

Sherman, J. P. "Dexamphetamine for 'speed' addiction." Medical Journal of Australia. 1990. 153(5): 306.

Strang, John; Sheridan, Janie. "Prescribing amphetamines to drug misusers: Data from the 1995 National Survey of Community Pharmacies in England and Wales." Addiction. 1997. 92(7): 833-838.

van Solinge, Tim Boekhout. "The Swedish drug experience." In: van Solinge, Tim Boekhout, The Swedish drug control system: An in-depth review and analysis. Amsterdam, Netherlands: CEDRO (Centre for Drug Research). 1997. 35-60.

White, R. Amphetamine prescribing: Interim report. Cornwall, England: Cornwall Community Drugs Team. 1996.

Buprenorphine

Afflelou S, Lavignasse P, Auriacombe M, Lafitte C, Daulouède J, Roux D, Dubecq F, Grabot D, Tignol J. Inventaire des grossesses, dans une cohorte de sujets héroïnomanes en traitement de substitution (méthadone et buprénorphine) en Aquitaine. IV Congrés International sur les Addictions; 1998; Lille.

Amass, Lesile; Bickel, Warren K.; Crean, John P., et al. "Alternate-day buprenorphine dosing is preferred to daily dosing by opioid-dependent humans." Psychopharmacology. 1998. 136: 217-225.

Auriacombe M, Grabot D, Daulouède J-P, Vergnolle J-P, O'Brien C, Tignol J. Alternatives to methadone maintenance laudanum, buprenorphine. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph 1992;132:220

Auriacombe M, Franques P, Martin C, Grabot D, Daulouède J, Tignol J. Traitement de substitution par méthadone et buprénorphine pour la toxicomanie à l'héroïne. Bases scientifiques du traitement et données évaluatives de la littérature. L'expérience et la pratique du groupe de Bordeaux et Bayonne. In Guffens J ed. Toxicomanie, Hépatites, SIDA. Paris Les Empêcheurs de Penser en Rond; 1994 173-198.

Auriacombe M, O'Brien CP, Tignol J. "La buprénorphine dans le traitement de la toxicomanie aux opiacés." Annales de Médecine Interne, 1994;145 (supl. 3)27.

Auriacombe M, Tignol J. "Buprénorphine et traitement de substitution en médecine de ville. Est-ce possible? A quelles conditions?" Dependance, 1995;914-16.

Auriacombe M. Buprenorphine use in France background and current use. In Ritter A, Kutin J, Lintzeris N, Bammer G ed. Expanding treatment options for heroin dependence in Victoria buprenorphine, LAAM, naltrexone and slow-release oral morphine. New pharmacotherapies project - feasibility phase. Fitzroy, Victoria Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Center Inc.; 1997: 73-80.

Auriacombe M, Franques P, Bertorelle V, Tignol J. "Use of buprenorphine for substitution treatment a French experience in Bordeaux and Bayonne." Research and Clinical Forums. 1997;1947-50. Auriacombe M, Franques P, Martin C, Grabot D, Lafitte C, Daulouede J-P, Tignol J. Economic impact of methadone and buprenorphine treatments. A tentative approach. 59 th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; 1997; Nashville

Auriacombe M, Tignol J. "Buprenorphine use in France quality of life and conditions for treatment success." Research and Clinical Forums 1997;1925-32.

Bickel, Warren K.; Stitzer, Maxine L.; Bigelow, George E.; et al. "A clinical trial of buprenorphine: Comparison with methadone in the detoxification of heroin addicts." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1988. 43: 72-78.

Blaine, Jack D., Ed. Buprenorphine: An alternative treatment for opioid dependence. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1992. 148 p. NIDA Research Monograph 121.

Blin, Patrick; Nouveau-Duburcq, A.; Charpak, Y.; Martin, M. "One year follow-up of heroin users treated with high dosage buprenorphine: A French experience." 1998. Paper presented at the International Conference on the Reduction of Drug Related Harm, March 1998, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Bowersox, John A. Buprenorphine may soon be heroin treatment option. NIDA Notes, January/February, 1995.

Brandt, Michael R.; Cabansag, Sharon R.; France, Charles P. "Discriminative stimulus effects of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), buprenorphine and methadone in morphine-treated Rhesus monkeys." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1997. 282(2): 574-584.

Brown, E. E.; Finlay, J. M.; Wong, J. T.; et al. "Behavioral and neurochemical interactions between cocaine and buprenorphine: Implications for the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1991. 256: 119-125.

Cowan, Alan; Lewis, John W., Eds. Buprenorphine: Combatting drug abuse with a unique opioid. New York: Wiley-Liss. 1995. 326 p.

Diamant, Karin; Fischer, Gabriele; Schneider, Corinna; et al. "Buprenorphine in the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome." European Addiction Research. 1998. [forthcoming].

Dorabjee, Jimmy; Samson, Luke J. "Self and community based opioid substitution among opioid dependent populations in the Indian sub-continent". Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Harm Reduction, Paris 1996.

Foltin, Richard W.; Fischman, Marian W. "Effects of methadone or buprenorphine maintenance on the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous cocaine in humans." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1996. 278(3): 1153-1164.

Fudala, P. J.; Jaffe, J. H.; Dax, E. M.; Johnson, R. E. "Use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid addiction: 2. Physiologic and behavioral effects of daily and alternate-day administration and abrupt withdrawal." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1990. 47: 525-534.

Johnson, R. E.; Cone, E. J.; Henningfield, Jack E.; Fudala, P. J. "Use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opiate addiction: 1. Physiologic and behavioral effects during a rapid dose induction." Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 1989. 46: 335-343.

Johnson, Rolley E.; Eissenberg, Thomas; Stitzer, Maxine L.; et al. "A placebo controlled clinical trial of buprenorphine as a treatment for opioid dependence." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1995. 40: 17-25.

Johnson, S. E.; Jaffe, J. H.; Fudala, P. J. "A controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence." JAMA. 1992. 267(20): 2750-2755.

Kosten, Thomas R.; Kleber, Herbert D. "Buprenorphine detoxification from opioid dependence: A pilot study." Life Sciences. 1988. 42: 635-641.

Kosten, Thomas R.; Schottenfeld, Richard S.; Ziedonis, Douglas M.; Falcioni, Jean "Buprenorphine versus methadone maintenance for opioid dependence." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1993. 181(6): 358-364.

Kosten, Thomas R.; McCance, Elinore F. "A review of pharmacotherapies for substance abuse." American Journal on Addictions. 1996. 5(4 Suppl. 1): S30-S37.

Kosten, Thomas R.; Morgan, Charles; Kleber, Herbert D. "Treatment of heroin addicts using buprenorphine." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 1991. 17(2): 119-128.

Kouri, Elena M.; Lukas, Scott E.; Mendelson, Jack Harold. "P300 assessment of opiate and cocaine users: Effects of detoxification and buprenorphine treatment." Biological Psychiatry. 1996. 40: 617-628.

Kuhlman, James J.; Levine, Barry; Johnson, Rolley E.; et al. "Relationship of plasma buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine to withdrawl symptoms during dose induction, maintenance and withdrawl from sublingual buprenorphine." Addiction. 1998. 93(4): 549-559.

Lewis, J. W.; Rance, M. J.; Sanger, D. J. "The pharmacology and abuse potential of buprenorphine: A new antagonist analgesic." In: Mello, M. K. (Ed.), Advances in substance abuse: Behavioral and biological research. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 1982. 103-154.

Ling, Walter; Charuvastra, Charles; Collins, Joseph F., et al. "Buprenorphine maintenance treatment of opiate dependence: A multicenter, randomized clinical trial." Addiction. 1998. 93(4): 475-486.

Ling, Walter; Wesson, Donald R.; Charuvastra, Charles; Klett, C. James. "A controlled trial comparing buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in opioid dependence." Archives of General Psychiatry. 1996. 53: 401-407.

Mello, Nancy K.; Mendelson, Jack Harold; Kuehnle, J. C. "Buprenorphine effects on human heroin self-administration: An operant analysis." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1982. 223: 30-39.

Mello, Nancy K.; Mendelson, Jack Harold. "Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts." Science. 1980. 207: 657-659.

O'Connor, Patrick G.; Oliveto, Alison H.; Shi, Julia M.; et al. "A randomized trial of buprenorphine maintenance for heroin dependence in a primary care clinic for substance users versus a methadone clinic." American Journal of Medicine. 1998. 105(2): 100-105.

Quigley, Allan J.; Bredemeyer, Denise E.; Seow, Simon S. W. "A case of buprenorphine abuse." Medical Journal of Australia. 1984. 140: 425-426.

Reckitt and Colman Products. Subutex: Buprenorphine: A Safe and effective substitution treatment for opioid addiction. England: Wells Medical Limited. 1997. 39 p.

Reisinger, Marc. Arreter l'heroine. Bruxelles, Belgium: Editions Complexe. 1990. 179 p.

Reisinger, Marc. "Buprenorphine as new treatment for heroin dependence." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1985. 16: 257-262.

Reynaud, Michel; Petit, Georges; Potard, Denis; Courty, Pascal. "Six deaths linked to concomitant use of buprenorphine and benzodiazepines." Addiction. 1998. 93(9): 1385-1392.

Schottenfeld, Richard S.; Pakes, Juliana R.; Ziedonis, Douglas M.; Kosten, Thomas R. "Buprenorphine: Dose-related effects of cocaine and opioid use in cocaine-abusing opioid-dependent humans." Biological Psychiatry. 1993. 34: 66-74.

Schottenfeld, Richard S.; Pakes, Juliana R.; Oliveto, Alison; et al. "Buprenorphine vs methadone maintenance treatment for concurrent opioid dependence and cocaine abuse." Archives of General Psychiatry. 1997. 54(8): 713-720.

Schottenfeld, Richard S.; Pakes, Juliana R.; Kosten, Thomas R. "Prognostic factors in buprenorphine- versus methadone-maintained patients." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1998. 186(1): 35-43.

Schuh, Kory J.; Walsh, Sharon L.; Bigelow, George E.; et al. "Buprenorphine, morphine and naloxone effects during ascending morphine maintenance in humans." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1996. 278(2): 836-846.

Seivewright, Nicholas, Ed. "Buprenorphine: A substitution agent for the treatment of opiate addiction: A UK perspective." Research and Clinical Forums. 1997. 19(2).

Seow, Simon S. W.; Quigley, Allan J.; Dusci, Leon J.; et al. "Buprenorphine: A new maintenance opiate?" Medical Journal of Australia. 1986. 144: 407-411.

Strain, E. C.; Stitzer, Maxine L.; Liebson, I. A.; Bigelow, George E. "Comparison of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence." American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994. 151(7): 1025-1030.

Coca and Cocaine

Hurtado Gumucio, Jorge. "Chewing coca leaves for cocaine maintenance therapy." 5 p. Unpublished document.

Hurtado Gumucio, Jorge. Cocaine, the legend: About coca leaves and cocaine. Bolivia: International Coca Research Institute (ICORI). 1995. 132 p.

Leech, Kenneth. "The junkies' doctors and the London drug scene in the 1960s: Some remembered fragments." In: Whynes, David K.; Bean, Philip T., Eds., Policing and prescribing: The British system of drug control. London: Macmillan. 1991. 35-59.

Llosa ,Teobaldo Rojas. "Cocalization: The Standard low dose of oral cocaine used for treatment of cocaine dependence." Journal of Chemical Addiction. 1995. 6(1): 1-16.

Llosa ,Teobaldo Rojas. "The Standard low dose of oral cocaine used for treatment of cocaine dependence." Substance Abuse. 1994. 15(4): 215-220.

Seivewright, Nicholas; Donmall, Michael; Douglas, J.; et al. Cocaine misuse treatment in England. 1998. [forthcoming].

Codeine

Ärztekammer Hamburg. Richtlinien für die Ersatzdrogenbehandlung mit Codeinpräparaten. Hamburg, Germany: Ärztekammer Hamburg. 1991.

Ärztekammer Westfalen-Lippe. "Leitfaden zur Behandlung Opiatabhängiger mit Dihydrocodein-Präparaten." Westfällisches Ärzteblatt. 1993. 2: 70.

Akzept e. V. "Klärendes zur gegenwärtigen Substitutionsdebatte." Akzeptanz. 1996. 1: 29-32.

Bundessozialgericht. Urteil zur Kostenübernahme der Krankenkassen für Remedacen-Behandlung: AZ 1RK6/95. Kassel, Germany: Bundessozialgericht. 1995.

Degwitz, Peter; Verthein, Uwe; Krausz, Michael. "Die Substitution Opiatabhängiger mit Codein/Dihydrocodein: Ergebnisse der Begleitforschung." Akzeptanz. 1996. 2: 25-28.

Degwitz, Peter; Krausz, Michael. Substitutionsbehandlung mit codeinhältigen Präparaten bei niedergelassenen Ärzten: 1. Teil. Forschungsbericht über "Ergebnisse der Substitutionsbehandlung anhand der Ausgangsstichprobe". Hamburg, Germany: Institut fur Interdisziplinare Sucht- und Drogenforschung. 1994.

Elias, Herbert. "Zur geplanten Unterstellung von Kodeinpräparaten unter das Betäubungsmittelgesetz." Akzeptanz. 1996. 1: 25-28.

Gerlach, Ralf; Schneider, Wolfgang. Methadon- und Codeinsubstitution: Erfahrungen, Forschungsergebnisse, Praxiskonsequenzen. Berlin, Germany: Verlag für Wissenschaft und Bildung. 1994.

Gruner, Joachim F. "Risiken und Nutzen der Dihydrocodein- und der Methadonsubstitution sind vergleichbar." Sucht. 1994. 1: 40-43.

Krausz, Michael; Vertheim, Uwe; Degwitz, Peter; et al. "Maintenance treatment of opiate addicts in Germany with medications containing codeine: Results of a follow-up study." Addiction. 1998. 98(8): 1161-1167.

Krausz, Michael; Degwitz, Peter; Wernecke, Arne; et al. "Substitutionsbehandlung von Heroinabhängigen mit codeinhältigen Präparaten: Behandlungseffekte aus Sicht der Ärzte und Patienten." Psychiatrische Praxis. 1995. 22: 179-185.

Moll, Stephan. Strafrechtliche Aspekte der Behandlung Opiatabhangiger mit Methadon und Codein. Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang. 1990.

Weber, Urban. "Maintenance with codeine in Germany: The supportive position." Euro-Euro-Methwork Newsletter: A Forum for Methadone Providers in the European Region. 1997, August. 12: 5-6.

Injectable Methadone

Battersby, Malcolm; Farrell, Michael; Gossop, Michael. "'Horse trading': Prescribing injectable opiates to opiate addicts." Journal of Drug Dependence. 1992. 35-42.

Brewer, Colin. "Intravenous methadone maintenance: A British response to persistent opiate injectors." In: Loimer, Norbert; Schmid, Rainer; Springer, Alfred, Eds., Drug addiction and AIDS. New York: Springer Verlag. 1991. 187-199.

Farrell, Michael; Sell, Louise; Neeleman, Jan; et al. "Methadone provision in the UK." International Journal of Drug Policy. 1996. 7(4): 239-244.

Jasinski, D. R.; Preston, K. L. Comparison of intravenously administered methadone, morphine and heroin. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1986. 17(4): 301-310.

Shaw, Mike; Brabbins, Clare; Ruben, Susan. "Peering over the parapet: A discussion of a local policy for treatment with injectable methadone." International Journal of Drug Policy. 1997. 8(4): 207-211.

Strang, John; Sheridan, Janie; Barber, N. "Prescribing injectable and oral methadone to opiate addicts: Results from the 1995 National Postal Survey of Community Pharmacies in England and Wales." BMJ: British Medical Journal. 1996. 313(7052): 270-272.

Strang, John; Gossop, Michael. "Social and drug-taking behaviour of 'maintained' opiate addicts."

Morphine

Courtwright, David T. "Willis Butler and the Shreveport Narcotic Clinic, 1919-1923: A personal narrative." Social Pharmacology. 1987. 1(1): 13-24.

Derks, Jack. "The Amsterdam morphine dispensing program." Medicine and Law. 1990. 9(2): 841-853.

Derks, Jack. "The efficacy of the Amsterdam morphine-dispensing programme." In: Ghodse, H. A.; Kaplan, C. D.; Mann, R. D., Eds., Drug misuse and dependence. Park Ridge, NJ: Parthenon. 1990. 85-108.

Derks, Jack. Het Amsterdamse morfine verstrekkingsprogramma: Een longitudinaal onderzoek onder extreem problematische druggebruikers. Utrecht, Antwerpen: Nederlands Centrum Geestelijke Volksgezondheid. 1990. 395 p.

Derks, Jack. "Morphine dispensing to long-term problematic injectors." British Journal of Addiction. 1992. 87(1): 127-128.

Derks, Jack. "The efficacy of the Amsterdam morphine dispensing program." In: Ghodse, A. H.; Kaplan, C. D., Eds. Drug misuse and dependence: The British and Dutch response. Parthenon. 1990. 85-108.

Fischer, Gabriele; Jagsch, R.; Eder, H. et al. "Comparison of methadone and slow-release morphine maintenance in pregnant addicts." Addiction. 1998. [forthcoming].

Fischer, Gabriele; Presslich, Otto; Diamant, Karin; Schneider, Corinna; Pezawas, Lukas; Kasper, Siegfried. "Oral morphine-sulfate in the treatment of opiate dependent patients." Alcoholism. 1996. 32(1): 35-43.

Foltin, Richard W.; Fischman, Marian W. "Effects of methadone or buprenorphine maintenance on the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous cocaine in humans." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1996. 278(3): 1153-1164.

Jasinski, D. R.; Preston, K. L. "Comparison of intravenously administered methadone, morphine and heroin." Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1986. 17(4): 301-310.

Moldovanyi, Andreas; Ladewig, Dieter; Affentranger, Pierre; Natsch, Claudius; Stohler, Rudolf. "Morphine maintenance treatment of opiod-dependent out-patients." European Addiction Research. 1996, October. 2(4): 208-212.

Musto, David F.; Ramos, Manuel R. "A follow-up study of the New Haven Morphine Maintenance Clinic of 1920." New England Journal of Medicine. 1981. 304: 1071-1077.

Sagliocca, L.; Rezza, Giovanni; Vlahov, C.; et al. "Did morphine prescription decrease the spread of HIV in Naples? A retrospective evaluation of a program implemented in early 1980's." Addiction Research. 1996. 5(2): 137-144.

Sagliocca, L.; Rezza, Giovanni; Vlahov, David; Baldassarre, Clara; Siconolfi, Marina; Nespoli, Matteo; Carrieri, Patrizia. "A morphine prescription program in Italy (1980-1985): Retrospective evidence of protection against AIDS." Addiction Research. 1997. 5(2): 137-144.

Schneider, Corinna; Fischer, Gabriele; Diamant, Karin; et al. Maintenance program in opiate dependent pregnant females. 1996. 15 p. Parenthood-Drug Abuse: Proceedings of the 1st European Conference, June 8-10, 1994.

Sherman, J. P. "Managing heroin addiction with a long-acting morphine product." Medical Journal of Australia. 1996. 165(4): 239.

Waldorf, Dan; Orlick, M.; Reinarman, Craig. Morphine maintenance: The Shreveport clinic, 1919-1923. Washington, DC: Drug Abuse Council 1974. 43 p.

Whitton, G.; Sunjic, S.; Webster, I.; Wickens, W. "Use of morphine mixture to stabilize opiate dependence." Drug and Alcohol Review. 1996. 15: 427.

Palfium (Dextromoramide)

Amsterdam Municipal Health Service Jaarverslag 1991 Drugsafdeling. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Municipal Health Service. 1992.

van Brussel, Giel H.A.; Buster, Marcel; van der Woude, Dirk H. Two mangoes in 1979: Evaluation report palfium treatment for long-term heroin addicts. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Municipal Health Service. various page numbers.

General/Miscellaneous

Byrne, Andrew J. "Ten patients prescribed high dose methadone maintenance in general practice." Medical Journal of Australia. 1996. 165(4): 239.

Byrne, Andrew J. "Use of dextromoramide to stabilize a heroin addict." Drug and Alcohol Review. 1996. 15: 200.

Fischer, Gabriele; Eder, H.; Jagsch, R.; et al. "Relapse prevention with opioid agonists and antagonists in heroin addiction." European Neuropsychopharmacology. 1997. 7(2): 99.

Greenwood, Judy. "Persuading general practitioners to prescribe: Good husbandry or a recipe for chaos?" British Journal of Addiction. 1992. 87: 567-575.

Haffke, Bernhard. "Neuere Rechtsprechung zur Behandlung von Heroinabhangigen mit Opioiden." 1995. Paper presented at the 4. Suchtmedizinischen Kongress der DGDS on November 25, 1995.

Herridge, Peter; Gold, Mark S. "Pharmacological adjuncts in the treatment of opioid and cocaine addicts." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1988. 20(3): 233-242.

Kosten, Thomas R.; Stine, Susan M., Eds. New treatments for opiate dependence. New York: Guilford Press. 1997. 286 p.

Manderson, Desmond. "Rules and practices: The "British System" in Australia." Journal of Drug Issues. 1992. 22(3): 521-533

Seivewright, Nicholas; Greenwood, Judy. "What is important in drug misuse treatment?" Lancet. 1996. 347(8993): 373-376.

Seivewright, Nicholas, Ed. More than methadone: Providing effective community treatment of drug misuse. Cambridge, England; New York: Cambridge University Press. 1999. [forthcoming].

United Nations. Programme on Substance Abuse. Drug substitution project: Report of WHO consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.